A Systematic Literature Review of Music Induced Hearing loss

 

Abstract

Music induced hearing loss is caused by listening to loud music on Personal Music Players (PMP) or attending discotheques regularly over a period of time. Exposure to loud music causes physiological changes and damage in the Basilar Membrane especially to the Outer Hair Cells, Inner Hair Cells, and the Auditory Nerve. Damage includes loss of sensitivity to soft sounds, presence of recruitment, tinnitus, reduced frequency selectivity and reduced flow of synapses and information to the auditory cortex. This leads to poor auditory discrimination and reduced temporal fine structure of sounds and poor pitch perception. Hearing loss acquired due to exposure to intense loud music, is typically greatest over the frequency range 3–6 kHz, hence the high frequency hearing loss. Numerous studies done on threshold changes, temporary threshold shift and permanent threshold shift using Pure Tone Audiometry and Oto-Acoustic Emission have indicated high frequency hearing loss in young adults after exposure to loud music at discotheques, overuse of Personal Music Players (PMP) in teenagers and children. Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) changes weren’t noted, however Oto-Acoustic Emissions (OAE) showed changes and indication of high frequency hearing loss and tinnitus was noted as a symptom after loud music exposure.

Keywords:PTA: Pure Tone Audiometry; OAE: Oto-Acoustic Emissions; PMP: Personal Music Players; MIHL: Music Induced Hearing Loss; TM: Tympanic Membrane

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