The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Allergic Rhinitis

 

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world with increasing prevalence, affects the patient’s quality of life and increases the familial and socioeconomic burden. But the exact etiology of allergic rhinitis remains unclear, many studies have demonstrated that Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. TLRs, known as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), are the crucial components of the innate immune system and express either on the cell membrane or in the endolysosomal compartments. TLRs play a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Each TLR recognizes respective ligand, then recruit a kind of adaptor molecules and initiate downstream signaling events. The signal transduction pathways through TLR are also involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. By understanding these mechanisms in allergic rhinitis, we might find a new strategy for improving patient’s quality of life and clinical treatment effect. And the disease symptoms usually cannot be controlled completely with current therapies. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the potential mechanisms of TLRs and the signal transduction pathways through TLR in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and the novel potential therapeutic strategy against allergic rhinitis.

Keywords: Toll-like receptors; allergic rhinitis; innate immunity; adaptive immunity; signal pathway

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