Use of 18F-Fdg Pet/Ct In the Staging of a Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Lymphoepithelioma: Case Report

 

Abstract

Nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma is a rare condition, especially when metastatic. The study of positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT) using fluoroxyglucose (FDG) labeled with Fluorine-18 (PET/CT- 18FDG) is well established for head and neck tumors. In this case report we identified, in a 20-year-old patient, multiple lymph node enlargements and bone lesions that complemented the staging and provided a targeted treatment for this metastatic scenario.

Keywords:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; positron emission tomography computed tomography; nasopharyngeal neoplasms

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Evaluation, Prediction and Treatment of Radiation- Induced Normal Tissue Damage in Head and Neck Cancer

 

Abstract

Locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) requires a multidisciplinary approach and frequently concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) as a definitive or adjuvant treatment. Oral mucositis (OM) affects 80% of patients receiving radiation treatment and about half of the patients receiving CRT experience severe grade 3-4 mucositis. Severe mucositis results in high hospitalization rates and treatment interruptions, which can negatively affect treatment outcomes. The local tumor control rate may be reduced by 0.5 to 1% for each day of unplanned interruption in radiation treatment. Severe late toxicity occurs in about 43% of patients receiving CRT. Careful selection of patients for concurrent chemotherapy with attention to detailed assessment and aggressive supportive care is paramount to minimizing treatment related complications. Here we discuss aspects specific to management of mucositis, radiation dermatitis, nutritional and dysphagia assessment, and early interventions to avoid long term toxicity in the subgroup of patients receiving CRT. Investigational and alternate strategies to systemic treatment with cisplatin that could impact radiation induced normal tissue damage are discussed as well.

Abbreviations: HNSCC: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer; OM: Oral Mucositis; WHO: World Health Organization; CTCAE: Common Toxicity Criteria Adverse Events; HPV: Human Papilloma Virus; QOL: Quality of Life

 

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The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Allergic Rhinitis

 

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world with increasing prevalence, affects the patient’s quality of life and increases the familial and socioeconomic burden. But the exact etiology of allergic rhinitis remains unclear, many studies have demonstrated that Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. TLRs, known as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), are the crucial components of the innate immune system and express either on the cell membrane or in the endolysosomal compartments. TLRs play a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Each TLR recognizes respective ligand, then recruit a kind of adaptor molecules and initiate downstream signaling events. The signal transduction pathways through TLR are also involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. By understanding these mechanisms in allergic rhinitis, we might find a new strategy for improving patient’s quality of life and clinical treatment effect. And the disease symptoms usually cannot be controlled completely with current therapies. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the potential mechanisms of TLRs and the signal transduction pathways through TLR in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and the novel potential therapeutic strategy against allergic rhinitis.

Keywords: Toll-like receptors; allergic rhinitis; innate immunity; adaptive immunity; signal pathway

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Miscellaneous Lesions of Trachea and Larynx: Case Report

 

Abstract

Selected images of trachea and larynx are presented. These are shown as congenital, acquired (infection, Laryngeal diverticula, Tumours, Extrinsic lesions causing tracheal compression, Jugular fossa causing paralysis of larynx and Tracheo-esophageal fistula.

Keywords: Tracheal lesions; TEF; tumours of trachea

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