Precision medicine is the targeted therapy with personalized approach
to cancer treatment, ultimately Resulting in more precise
targeting of tumor cells and spares the normal tissues and with minimal
toxicities. The currently practised precision/targeted
approaches in head and neck cancer are either based on the
patient-specific or tumor-specific characteristics which includes
the underlying etiology, tumor microenvironment or the genomics. The
concept of precision medicine in oncology is focused on
identifying therapies that are based on the genetic characterization of a
patient’s tumor, thereby tailoring the cancer treatment to
a specific gene mutation in an individual patient’s cancer. Though
radiation oncology with the recent advancements with image
guidance and functional imaging provides a more individualized
treatment, it can be further optimized by the incorporation of
novel biologic driven strategies, by consolidating the data obtained
from genomics and radio genomics. This upgrades the treatment
options with de-intensification or intensification based on the patient
and tumor characteristics and etiology. This is currently
achieved by various immunotherapeutic agents already in practice with
monoclonal antibodies and signal transduction inhibitors
and can be further expanded by identification of neoantigens for cancer
vaccines and checkpoint inhibitor gene panels, with
predictive and prognostic objective in addition to therapeutic benefits.
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